Com 220 Prison Overcrowding Harms Everyone

A Philippine Hero

†¦ I. as far as it matters for me, have done everything conceivable to evade it, in spite of the fact that at the expense of numerous rights pointlessly sacrificed†¦ My administration can not stay detached taking into account [the] savage and forceful seizure of its region by a country which has arrogated to itself the title boss of abused countries. Thus†¦ my administration is arranged to open threats [if America assaults the Visayas]. Upon their heads be all the blood which might be shed. Emilio Aguinaldo Proclamation, Malolos, January 5, 1899 In Larry Henares' program, a portion of the specialists - ardent admirers of Aguinaldo-communicated the oft-rehashed see that the general neglected to accomplish enormity according to Filipinos basically on the grounds that he lived excessively long. He didn't pass on youthful, in the blossom of youth, as Jacinto, or in some dusk of the divine beings way, as Bonifacio. He wasn't martyred, as Rizal, and he didn't pass on, penurious and dismissed, as Mabini. He essentially lived on, and on, until he became something like an out of date relict fit for ogling at, however not for worship. Poor, unheralded man. Nobody at any point made it understood in the event that anybody inquired as to whether that is the thing that he felt. I would imagine that Aguinaldo was exceedingly blessed to have lived for such a long time. He outlasted a significant number of his companions, yet he likewise outlasted the entirety of his foes. He was castigated during his lifetime - sometimes, in light of the fact that he included himself in legislative issues and along these lines made himself reasonable game-yet he lived to see freedom day moved to June 12. Isn't having lived long enough to be recounted that change a choice accomplishment? What's more, for an incredible duration, he had the dedication and commitment of the individuals who had a place with the League of the Veterans of the Revolution. The things held against him, the corrupt Tejeros Convention - one educator of history has called attention to that there were a bigger number of votes cast than there were really individuals to cast them-which prompted the possible execution of Bonifacio, and the death of Gen. Antonio Luna which was an incredible hit to the military practicality of the powers of the Republic, may everlastingly banish him from arriving at the equivalent magnified spot in the expressions of love of the Filipino individuals. They will consistently frequent him. In any case, they don't, I think, decrease his enormity by any means. The force battle - an exposed upset d'‚tat, some have called it-that prompted Bonifacio's destruction makes for sickening perusing. What's more, his execution was a poor end for a nationalist. In any case, is such resentment over this, justified? Do individuals get steamed at this in light of the fact that, truly, they are applying semi strict ethical quality to a subject that ought to be separated from it? For what reason should principles befitting strict sainthood be applied to common courage? Must you be â€Å"good† (in the manner in which individuals like Fr. Nudas would characterize it) to be a saint? A saint for a common nation? At the point when Bonifacio's fitness to hold the arrangement of the division of the Interior was addressed by Daniel Tirona, the Supremo, angry, requested a withdrawal. He neglected to get it. Irate, he proclaimed the procedures invalid and void, and left. NCC Chairman Laurel related proudly on Henares' program how his granddad, Sotero, leader of the Batangas appointment at Tejeros, and a Bonifacio supporter, responded to the mayhem that followed. He called for lambanog. He drank, pulled out his weapon, and put it on the table. He requested that, as they had all consented to before, the choice of the greater part be regarded. Something else, mag ubusan na tayo. The dominant part agreed with Aguinaldo. Bonifacio (or, contingent upon how you see it, Aguinaldo) had declared war. As Sotero Laurel may have put it at that point, matira ang matibay. Aguinaldo won, clearly. The thing is, in a progressive circumstance, extraordinary circumstances call for outrageous measures. You can't falter and sort things out and knead consciences while the adversary attempts to slaughter all of you . Each unrest wherever has been defaced with contending groups, a large number of whom carry on of not exactly honorable intentions. At long last, one gathering must win, one predetermination accomplished. The Revolution, for good or not well, had its fate attached to Aguinaldo. While the development (from Mabini's perspective) floundered because of the Supremo's liquidation, it endured. It was suspended after biak-na-bato, continued once more, and brought forth the announcement produced using a window of a house in Kawit on June 12. The announcement of the Philippines as a free nation. The Republic didn't succeed. Was it Aguinaldo's issue? The flaw of the Ilustrados? Did it fizzle due to contending perspectives and interests inside it, divisions that exist right up 'til the present time in our nation and in different nations with comparative chronicles? Left to ourselves, they had as great a possibility of in the long run working them out as some other individuals on earth. Be that as it may, they weren't disregarded. They were curbed with krag rifles and American strategies. Commendably, the Centennial Commission has clarified that it is the announcement and not the substance of freedom that will be recognized in 1998. A decree whose goals have persevered. As have its images: our banner, our song of devotion. Yearnings we endeavored to satisfy in 1946, goals each age attempts to satisfy up to the present. Aguinaldo was liable for that affirmation, that banner, that hymn. He gave the country vessels to contain its spirit. We ought to have the option to excuse him for being a defective man and a poor government official. Over and over, our pantheon of legends has been blockaded by furious hordes, aim on pulling down - or raising up high over the others-the sculptures of incredible Filipinos. We, who should, as befits an apparently equitable and liberal state, discover nothing incorrectly or disgraceful in having our legends stand one next to the other, stay fixated on setting up chivalrous progressive systems, as if the pioneers we love were negligible princelings dependent upon Byzantine guidelines of priority. Is it accurate to say that we are a people shameful of legends in any case?

Overview of VARK Learning Styles

Overview of VARK Learning Styles Theories Cognitive Psychology Print Overview of VARK Learning Styles Which Learning Style Do You Have? By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Aron Janssen, MD on November 27, 2019 linkedin Aron Janssen, MD is board certified in child, adolescent, and adult psychiatry and is the vice chair of child and adolescent psychiatry Northwestern University.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Aron Janssen, MD on November 27, 2019 Sam Edwards / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand VARK Learning Styles Visual Auditory Text Kinesthetic Why It Matters View All Back To Top Learning styles are a popular concept in psychology and education and are intended to identify how people learn best. The VARK model of learning styles suggests that there are four main types of learners. These four key types are: Visual learnersAuditory learnersReading/writing learnersKinesthetic learners It has long been a question as to whether students learn best when teaching methods and school activities match their learning style, learning strengths, and preferences. The popularity of this concept grew dramatically during the 1970s and 1980s, despite the evidence suggesting that personal learning preferences have little to no actual influence on learning results. While the existing research has found that matching teaching methods to learning styles has no influence on educational outcomes, the concept of learning styles remains extremely popular. VARK Learning Styles There are many different ways of categorizing learning styles including Kolbs model and the Jungian learning styles.  Neil Flemings VARK model is one of the most popular representations. In 1987, Fleming developed an inventory designed to help students and others learn more about their individual learning preferences. In Flemings model, which are often referred to as VARK learning styles, learners are identified by whether they have a preference for visual learning (pictures, movies, diagrams), auditory learning (music, discussion, lectures), reading and writing (making lists, reading textbooks, taking notes), or kinesthetic learning (movement, experiments, hands-on activities). What Are the Kolb Learning Styles? What Type of Learner Are You? In order to identify which type of learner people are, Fleming developed a self-report inventory that posed a series of situations. Respondents select the answers that best match their preferred approach to learning. Example Imagine that you are learning how to perform a new physical skill such as riding a bike or dancing a certain style of dance. In which way would you learn this skill the best?Looking at pictures of people performing the skillListening to an expert explain how to do the taskReading about how to perform the task in a bookWatching someone else perform the skill and then trying it yourself If you chose number one, then you might be a visual learner. If you would rather listen to someone explain how to do the task, then you might be an auditory learner. Those who would prefer to read written instructions are likely reading/writing learners, while those who would rather gain hands-on experience are most likely kinesthetic learners. Take a closer look at what each of the VARK learning styles entails. Visual Learners Visual learners learn best by seeing. Graphic displays such as charts, diagrams, illustrations, handouts, and videos are all helpful learning tools for visual learners. Visual learners prefer this type of learning would rather see information presented in a visual rather than in written form. If you think you might be a visual learner, answer the following questions: Do you have to see information in order to remember it?Do you pay close attention to body language?Are art, beauty, and aesthetics important to you?Does visualizing information in your mind help you remember it better? If you can answer yes to most of these questions, chances are good that you have a visual learning style. Aural Learners Aural (or auditory) learners learn best by hearing information. They tend to get a great deal out of lectures and are good at remembering things they are told. Are you an auditory learner? Consider the following questions: Do you prefer to listen to class lectures rather than reading from the textbook?Does reading out loud help you remember information better?Would you prefer to listen to a recording of your class lectures or a podcast rather than going over your class notes?Do you create songs to help remember information? If you answered yes to most of these questions, then you are probably an auditory learner. Reading and Writing Learners Reading and writing learners prefer to take in information displayed as words and text. Reading/writing learners prefer materials that are primarily text-based. Could you be a reading and writing learner? Read through the following questions and think about whether they might apply to you. Do you find reading your textbook to be a great way to learn new information?Do you take a lot of notes during class and while reading textbooks?Do you enjoy making lists, reading definitions, and creating presentations?Do you prefer it when teachers make use of overheads and handouts? If you answered yes to these questions, it is likely that you have a strong preference for the reading and writing style of learning. Kinesthetic Learners Kinesthetic (or tactile) learners learn best by touching and doing. Hands-on experience is important to kinesthetic learners. Not sure if youre a kinesthetic learner? Answer these questions to find out: Do you enjoy performing tasks that involve directly manipulating objects and materials?Is it difficult for you to sit still for long periods of time?Are you good at applied activities such as painting, cooking, mechanics, sports, and woodworking?Do you have to actually practice doing something in order to learn it? If you responded yes to these questions, then you are most likely a kinesthetic learner. What Is the Kinesthetic Learning Style? Why It Matters The validity of the VARK model as well as other learning style theories has been questioned and criticized extensively. One large-scale look at learning style models suggested that the instruments designed to assess individual learning styles were questionable. Some critics have suggested that labeling students as having one specific learning style can actually be a hindrance to learning. Despite the criticism and lack of empirical support, the VARK model remains fairly popular among both students and educators. Many students immediately recognize that they are drawn to a particular learning style. Others may find that their learning preferences lie somewhere in the middle. For example, a student might feel that both visual and auditory learning are equally appealing. While aligning teaching strategies to learning styles may or may not be effective, students might find that understanding their own learning preferences can be helpful. For example, if you know that visual learning appeals to you most, using visual study strategies in conjunction with other learning methods might help you better remember the information you are studyingâ€"or at the very least make studying more enjoyable. If no single learning preference calls out to you or you change preferences based on the situation or the type of information you are learning, you probably have what is known as a multimodal style. For example, you might rely on your reading and writing preferences when you are dealing with a class that requires a great deal of book reading and note-taking, such as a history of psychology course. During an art class, you might depend more on your visual and kinesthetic preferences as you take in pictorial information and learn new techniques. How to Become a More Effective Learner

Racial Segregation And The War Industry - 906 Words

As I see in the cartoons, there were race issues going on with blacks and jews being slaved by someone who discriminates against employees. In the I†ll Run Democracy, 1942 picture the man told them to stay in there Jim Crow tanks. Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation. The laws let discrimination and segregation keeps blacks and jews from getting jobs. In the other two pictures Listen Maestro and German Manicure you see Uncle Sam telling the war industry to keep making the blacks and whites work together to create a good sound. which came in context when he told him to keep playing them. The German Manicure picture showed Sam going to get his hand cut off by the U.S. Nazis and Anti semitism means they don’t like jews. All of this was going on internally that led to these other issues. After WW II, Fascism, â€Å"Instituted in Germany by Hitler† (America a Concise History 695) created an authoritative government. Hitler was controlling the government and making people do what he said and wanted. They believed that they were the superior race. Fascism came about in Italy in the years of 1920, but developed in the countries Germany, Spain, and France (America a Concise History 695). WW I caused the rise of fascism because Italy was destroyed and took an economic downfall so Mussolini decided to take it upon himself along with Adolf Hitler to get their countries back again. As stated in Chapter 24, â€Å"fascists leaders worldwide disparaged parliamentaryShow MoreRelatedThe Black Renaissance And The Great Depression971 Words   |  4 Pagesstill exists to this day. The years 1917 to 1945 were particularly tough for African Americans. Racial discrimination was at a high and segregation laws enforced the idea that blacks were inferior to the whites. African Ame ricans desired to escape the unfair treatment and obtain equal rights, but found themselves stuck. The two World Wars drew African Americans North in search of jobs in the war industry, only to find once they arrived more discrimination and inequality. Events such as the ‘Black Renaissance’Read MoreThe Civil Rights Movement During World War II955 Words   |  4 PagesDuring World War II, America as a nation faced many challenges both at home and abroad. Some of these challenges at home included Strikes and protests in war production factories, which was due to increasing differences between the government and employers, with the workers/labor unions. Another was the Civil rights movement for African-Americans, which advocated for equal rights for all Americans, when African Americans joined the war efforts by both joining the military and working in the war factoriesRead MoreImprovement of the Position of the Black Population Between 1940 and 19501274 Words   |  6 Pagespeople struggled to fight for their basic civil rights in the United States of America. 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A Brief Note On Australian Industrial Relations Act

Australian Industrial Relations Name of the student Name of the university Contents Introduction 3 Fair Work Act (2009) 3 Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act 2005 4 Comparative Analysis 4 Termination of employment 4 Employment standards 5 Elimination of redundancy 8 Adverse action 9 Conclusion 10 References 11 Introduction The industries in Australia have a number of organisations operating in them. These organisations have a large number of human resources which are involved in the various business functions of the organisations. The relationship between these human resources with each other and the management of the organisations is very important for the success of the business. This requires the establishment of a number of laws, legislations and regulations which manage the industrial relations in the various organisations operating in Australia. These laws and regulations are established in the country by the government and various other regulatory bodies in both public and private sectors. This report is a comparative analysis of such two legislations established in Australia which had a lot of impacts on the industrial relations in the country. The Fair Work Act passed in the year of 2009 and the Workplace Relations Amendment (Work Choices) Act passed in the year of 2005 are the legislations un der consideration. The report compares a number of elements of both the legislations and determines the comparative effect of both the legislations on theShow MoreRelatedPersonal Styles : Gordon Grace1225 Words   |  5 Pages______________________ ___________________ Grace Smith Gordon Jones (F) Would you keep a copy of the Notes? Give reason? No, as a Mediator I will not be keeping copy of the notes. Notes in agreement are typically destroyed. This helps protect the confidentiality of the mediation communications. 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AQF Level Distinguishing Features (Source:Read MoreFinancial Reporting Council: the Use of a Sector Neutral Framework for the Making of Australian Accounting Standards49538 Words   |  199 PagesFinancial Reporting Council: The Use of a Sector Neutral Framework for the Making of Australian Accounting Standards Introduction The Australian Financial Reporting Council (FRC) was established on 1 January 2000 under section 225 of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 19891 (ASIC Act) for the purpose of overseeing Australia’s accounting standard setting process. One of the key functions of the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) is to provide broad oversight of the processesRead MoreUnion Management Relations15863 Words   |  64 Pagesimpact of unions on management behavior. Demand for fairness leads the union to get into almost every area of day-to-day managerial decision-making at the workplace level. Slichter (1941) called the emergence of labour-management relations in the 1930s a system â€Å"industrial jurisprudence† in which the union gains a voice in almost all aspects of management decision-making in the workplace that 4 have consequences for workers. One possible response of management to an increase in wages is to substituteRead MoreInduction Training Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscrimination and unfair dismissal claims. Read about keeping your workplace safe and your legal obligations when training staff. ïÆ'Ëœ Before dismissing a staff member you must ensure youve followed due process and are not breaching the Anti-Discrimination Act 1991 (PDF, 791KB). Supplier agreements ïÆ'Ëœ Getting your agreements with suppliers in writing will minimise misunderstandings and disagreements. Agreements may include creditor terms, supply conditions and any marketing and promotion support. 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African American Males and Disparity in the Justice System Free Essays

Within our justice system there is a large disparity between the total number of African American males living within our society and living within our prison walls. African Americans males are often faced with overcoming environmental, economic and sociological inequalities while growing up as well as a lack of opportunity. Many of these issues may in fact lead to un-proportional numbers of African American males being incarcerated. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Males and Disparity in the Justice System or any similar topic only for you Order Now In additional prejudicial behaviors by the judicial community may also be a factor in the disproportionate incarceration statistics. More resources should be allotted at the community level to provide for disadvantage minorities to succeed in life and avoid participating in criminal activities, as well as providing resources for education of those within the system to combat prejudice and effect change. According to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) African Americans comprise nearly 1 million of the 2. 3 million incarcerated population and 1 in 6 black men have been incarcerated as of 2001. As can be seen these numbers are disproportionately higher then for their white counterparts. One of the main reasons stated by the NAACP as a causal factor for this disparity is related to inner city crime rates that are prompted by social and economic isolation. There is little opportunity for employment and high drop rates amongst inner city African American males. A study by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences indicates that employment for under educated African American males was approximately 25% while the incarceration number is around 40% showing that they are more likely to be incarcerated then employed. When prisoners are then released there is increase recidivism when there is no employment opportunities and the cycle repeats. In addition the family structure suffers as resources are decreased as family members are imprisoned. Studies have shown that children who parents are imprisoned are more likely to be victims or crime themselves, have little educational opportunity and frequently live in poverty, all which lead to increased propensity for criminal activity in the future. Lack of opportunity is forefront in the disparity between whites and African American levels of incarceration. The book The system in black and white: Exploring the Connections Between Race, Crime and Justice states that â€Å"Minority youths are often from neighborhoods plagued by poverty, high unemployment and underemployment, family dysfunction, low education, and crime. The minority youth is therefore, marginalized, and such marginalization engenders delinquent acts† (Jones-Brown, Markowitz, 2001. p172). By segregating minorities, primarily African Americans, into these areas without providing opportunity we perpetuate the problem by providing little to no opportunities for legitimate success. The authors indicate that the lack of access to social and economic opportunities and the attainment of socially desired symbols of success directly leads an individual to obtain those items by socially unacceptable means such as criminal activities. This general theme of the consequences of segregated communities is shared by Loury in his work Race, Incarceration and American Values. â€Å"Closed and bounded social structures-like racially homogenous urban ghettos-create contexts where ‘pathological’ and ‘dysfunctional’ cultural forms emerge, but these forms are neither intrinsic to the people caught in the structures nor independent of the behavior of the people who stand outside them†. (Loury, 2008. p 33. ) In this case the author is clearly pointing out that it is the situation that creates the criminal not any overt difference in the individuals themselves. There is no born propensity for criminal activity just a lack of social and environmental resources available to individuals living in these areas to allow for success based on achievement. These areas have developed as an ugly reminder of our one time overtly prejudicial society that deemed African Americans as inferior, lazy beings with little or no ability to learn. The path to participating in criminal activities for many African American adolescent males frequently lies in participation in gang activities. In an article entitled Poverty, Broken Homes, Violence: The Making of a Gang Member the authors state a strong correlation between the lack of opportunity and gang involvement. Risk factors include many that are prevalent in the before mentioned ghetto like areas such as â€Å"having gang members in the family already, histories of sexual or physical abuse, growing up in poverty, having access to weapons and drugs, and a lack of success in other areas of life, such as school† (Mueller, 2014). Gangs frequently form a surrogate family for adolescents in poverty stricken urban areas as well as providing a certain level of protection from other criminal elements. Another obstacle which African American males face is one of negatively differential treatment within the justice system. It is assumed that part of the reason for the disparity between whites and African Americans within the prison systems is related to the war on drugs. According to the NAACP African American are 12% of the population of drug users, 38% of those arrested and 59% of those convicted. These overwhelming numbers of convictions would lead us to believe that African American are committing more drug crimes yet the percentage of drug users is actually lower then their white counterparts. Sentences for African Americans convicted of drug crimes are almost equal to the amount of time that white males would spend in jail for violent crimes. According to author of the New Jim Crow this inequality in the justice system is a way to keep minorities from achievement while appearing to have put aside prejudice. It can be argued that our prison system in fact serves the purpose of a vehicle for social control. The long-term effects of conviction separate felons from the general population for life, excluding them from contributing effectively in mainstream society. Once they are released, they are often denied the right to vote, excluded from juries, and relegated to a racially segregated and subordinated existence. Through a web of laws, regulations, and informal rules, all of which are powerfully reinforced by social stigma, they are confined to the margins of mainstream society and denied access to the mainstream economy. They are legally denied the ability to obtain employment, housing, and public benefits—much as African Americans were once forced into a segregated, second-class citizenship in the Jim Crow era (Alexander, M. 2010). Another issues related to the disproportionate numbers of African American males within the prison system are related to previous acts. Again we must look to the lack of opportunity in youth as a leading cause for juvenile detainment. According to the Juvenile Justice information exchange socioeconomic class plays a role in detainment. In delinquency matters indigent children remain within the system because the courts are reluctant to release these children back to the environments they came from as opposed to children with means. â€Å"The child welfare system, public schools, and neighborhood police presence — are structured so that few meaningful distinctions can be made between poor children and those who present a true danger to the community† (Birkhead, 2012). The impact of early interactions with the justice system can negatively impact a person for life. As adults persons who are known within the criminal justice system are more likely to be convicted of crimes as well as facing harsher sentencing as repeat offenders. This practice may not appear prejudicial as it is appropriate to face harsher sentences for repeat offenders, but is prejudicial as to how the person became a repeat offender in the first place. The above issues point to discrimination at a structural level not an individual one, but there are structural cases of discrimination that may support individual discrimination such at the Stop and Frisk law. This law allows officers to stop, question and physically frisk someone they deem suspicious. One of the main problematic issues of this practice is one of oversight; there are no governing rules as to what constitutes suspicion besides individual officers feelings. While this practice has led to some arrests, they are numerically insignificant and have been deemed unconstitutional but not illegal. According to the American Civil Liberties Union 85 percent of those stopped were found to have not committed a crime or have any contraband on their persons. The failure of this practice has far reaching implications as in it has served to foster feelings of mistrust between police officers and the minority population, specifically African American youths. Identifying issues and making changes to treatment of African American males, or any other minority, within the judicial system is a project undertaken by the Sentencing Project. They define Illegitimate or unwarranted racial disparity as the â€Å"dissimilar treatment of similarly situated people based on race† (201, p1. ). There goal is to acknowledge the effects of disparity building at each phase within the criminal justice system and it’s cumulative effects on an individual. They encourage communication within the system i. e. : law enforcement, lawyers, judges, prison personnel and parole workers to develop plans to reform individuals while working towards a systematic change. Through research they have addressed the need for cultural competency training within the judicial system and have made it a requirement. They also address issues pertaining to treatment of early delinquency, severity of crime as well as severity of sentencing. The Project allocates resources for research into other sentencing alternatives that have demonstrated success over incarceration. In addition to looking at the treatment of individuals within the system they provide guidance to policy makers in regards to investments in communities. They support low-income areas in providing education and employment opportunities, access to health care, including mental health care, and substance abuse treatment. Through research the project has identified that un equal opportunities for access to resources negatively affects the low-income individuals and their families. Simply changing the criminal justice system itself will not singularly decrease the disparity between the numbers of African Americans incarcerated in comparison to their white counterparts. Change must begin in the communities. Outreach programs started as early as birth are necessary to effectively create change. One group who sees the need for this change and has answered the call is the Harlem’s Children’s Zone. This group services approximately 17,000 children throughout the Metropolitan area. They begin with providing parenting classes, which outlines the need for proper nutrition and health care as well as courses on other parenting issues with a focus on the at risk child. They provide charter schools with longer school days as well as tutoring programs for those unable to attend. Resources are also available for crisis intervention, access to mental and physical health care, offering assistance in obtaining services such as food stamps, as well as assistance in forming community actions groups to combat crime and drugs. The group also provides afterschool programs including teen groups, fitness, educational, and classes on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and access to community gardens. Although our society has made great strides in the area of equality, with more African Americans holding important positions, negative differential treatment persists. Poverty stricken communities where there is little opportunity and the prevalence of gang activity increases the likelihood that African American youths will grow up to participate in criminal activities leading to incarceration. The first step towards change is understanding the need for increased resources in poverty stricken areas to provide access for at risk youths to community centers, hot meal programs, and safe afterschool venues. The second step is making these projects a reality. Although the government had earmarked 10 million dollars for neighborhoods to develop similar programs to the Harlem’s Children’s Center project it is not enough, resources must be provided by individual states, communities and persons to combat poverty and provide resources for children. In addition equality in how individuals are treated within the system must continue to be addressed by groups like the Sentencing Project. By early intervention and continued education and support we can move towards equality and diminish the numbers of African American males spending their lives within the criminal justice system. The long-term benefits of these actions will be felt by individuals as well as the community at large with decreased crime and access to the rich resource of an educated youth. How to cite African American Males and Disparity in the Justice System, Papers

African American Males and Disparity in the Justice System Free Essays

Within our justice system there is a large disparity between the total number of African American males living within our society and living within our prison walls. African Americans males are often faced with overcoming environmental, economic and sociological inequalities while growing up as well as a lack of opportunity. Many of these issues may in fact lead to un-proportional numbers of African American males being incarcerated. We will write a custom essay sample on African American Males and Disparity in the Justice System or any similar topic only for you Order Now In additional prejudicial behaviors by the judicial community may also be a factor in the disproportionate incarceration statistics. More resources should be allotted at the community level to provide for disadvantage minorities to succeed in life and avoid participating in criminal activities, as well as providing resources for education of those within the system to combat prejudice and effect change. According to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) African Americans comprise nearly 1 million of the 2. 3 million incarcerated population and 1 in 6 black men have been incarcerated as of 2001. As can be seen these numbers are disproportionately higher then for their white counterparts. One of the main reasons stated by the NAACP as a causal factor for this disparity is related to inner city crime rates that are prompted by social and economic isolation. There is little opportunity for employment and high drop rates amongst inner city African American males. A study by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences indicates that employment for under educated African American males was approximately 25% while the incarceration number is around 40% showing that they are more likely to be incarcerated then employed. When prisoners are then released there is increase recidivism when there is no employment opportunities and the cycle repeats. In addition the family structure suffers as resources are decreased as family members are imprisoned. Studies have shown that children who parents are imprisoned are more likely to be victims or crime themselves, have little educational opportunity and frequently live in poverty, all which lead to increased propensity for criminal activity in the future. Lack of opportunity is forefront in the disparity between whites and African American levels of incarceration. The book The system in black and white: Exploring the Connections Between Race, Crime and Justice states that â€Å"Minority youths are often from neighborhoods plagued by poverty, high unemployment and underemployment, family dysfunction, low education, and crime. The minority youth is therefore, marginalized, and such marginalization engenders delinquent acts† (Jones-Brown, Markowitz, 2001. p172). By segregating minorities, primarily African Americans, into these areas without providing opportunity we perpetuate the problem by providing little to no opportunities for legitimate success. The authors indicate that the lack of access to social and economic opportunities and the attainment of socially desired symbols of success directly leads an individual to obtain those items by socially unacceptable means such as criminal activities. This general theme of the consequences of segregated communities is shared by Loury in his work Race, Incarceration and American Values. â€Å"Closed and bounded social structures-like racially homogenous urban ghettos-create contexts where ‘pathological’ and ‘dysfunctional’ cultural forms emerge, but these forms are neither intrinsic to the people caught in the structures nor independent of the behavior of the people who stand outside them†. (Loury, 2008. p 33. ) In this case the author is clearly pointing out that it is the situation that creates the criminal not any overt difference in the individuals themselves. There is no born propensity for criminal activity just a lack of social and environmental resources available to individuals living in these areas to allow for success based on achievement. These areas have developed as an ugly reminder of our one time overtly prejudicial society that deemed African Americans as inferior, lazy beings with little or no ability to learn. The path to participating in criminal activities for many African American adolescent males frequently lies in participation in gang activities. In an article entitled Poverty, Broken Homes, Violence: The Making of a Gang Member the authors state a strong correlation between the lack of opportunity and gang involvement. Risk factors include many that are prevalent in the before mentioned ghetto like areas such as â€Å"having gang members in the family already, histories of sexual or physical abuse, growing up in poverty, having access to weapons and drugs, and a lack of success in other areas of life, such as school† (Mueller, 2014). Gangs frequently form a surrogate family for adolescents in poverty stricken urban areas as well as providing a certain level of protection from other criminal elements. Another obstacle which African American males face is one of negatively differential treatment within the justice system. It is assumed that part of the reason for the disparity between whites and African Americans within the prison systems is related to the war on drugs. According to the NAACP African American are 12% of the population of drug users, 38% of those arrested and 59% of those convicted. These overwhelming numbers of convictions would lead us to believe that African American are committing more drug crimes yet the percentage of drug users is actually lower then their white counterparts. Sentences for African Americans convicted of drug crimes are almost equal to the amount of time that white males would spend in jail for violent crimes. According to author of the New Jim Crow this inequality in the justice system is a way to keep minorities from achievement while appearing to have put aside prejudice. It can be argued that our prison system in fact serves the purpose of a vehicle for social control. The long-term effects of conviction separate felons from the general population for life, excluding them from contributing effectively in mainstream society. Once they are released, they are often denied the right to vote, excluded from juries, and relegated to a racially segregated and subordinated existence. Through a web of laws, regulations, and informal rules, all of which are powerfully reinforced by social stigma, they are confined to the margins of mainstream society and denied access to the mainstream economy. They are legally denied the ability to obtain employment, housing, and public benefits—much as African Americans were once forced into a segregated, second-class citizenship in the Jim Crow era (Alexander, M. 2010). Another issues related to the disproportionate numbers of African American males within the prison system are related to previous acts. Again we must look to the lack of opportunity in youth as a leading cause for juvenile detainment. According to the Juvenile Justice information exchange socioeconomic class plays a role in detainment. In delinquency matters indigent children remain within the system because the courts are reluctant to release these children back to the environments they came from as opposed to children with means. â€Å"The child welfare system, public schools, and neighborhood police presence — are structured so that few meaningful distinctions can be made between poor children and those who present a true danger to the community† (Birkhead, 2012). The impact of early interactions with the justice system can negatively impact a person for life. As adults persons who are known within the criminal justice system are more likely to be convicted of crimes as well as facing harsher sentencing as repeat offenders. This practice may not appear prejudicial as it is appropriate to face harsher sentences for repeat offenders, but is prejudicial as to how the person became a repeat offender in the first place. The above issues point to discrimination at a structural level not an individual one, but there are structural cases of discrimination that may support individual discrimination such at the Stop and Frisk law. This law allows officers to stop, question and physically frisk someone they deem suspicious. One of the main problematic issues of this practice is one of oversight; there are no governing rules as to what constitutes suspicion besides individual officers feelings. While this practice has led to some arrests, they are numerically insignificant and have been deemed unconstitutional but not illegal. According to the American Civil Liberties Union 85 percent of those stopped were found to have not committed a crime or have any contraband on their persons. The failure of this practice has far reaching implications as in it has served to foster feelings of mistrust between police officers and the minority population, specifically African American youths. Identifying issues and making changes to treatment of African American males, or any other minority, within the judicial system is a project undertaken by the Sentencing Project. They define Illegitimate or unwarranted racial disparity as the â€Å"dissimilar treatment of similarly situated people based on race† (201, p1. ). There goal is to acknowledge the effects of disparity building at each phase within the criminal justice system and it’s cumulative effects on an individual. They encourage communication within the system i. e. : law enforcement, lawyers, judges, prison personnel and parole workers to develop plans to reform individuals while working towards a systematic change. Through research they have addressed the need for cultural competency training within the judicial system and have made it a requirement. They also address issues pertaining to treatment of early delinquency, severity of crime as well as severity of sentencing. The Project allocates resources for research into other sentencing alternatives that have demonstrated success over incarceration. In addition to looking at the treatment of individuals within the system they provide guidance to policy makers in regards to investments in communities. They support low-income areas in providing education and employment opportunities, access to health care, including mental health care, and substance abuse treatment. Through research the project has identified that un equal opportunities for access to resources negatively affects the low-income individuals and their families. Simply changing the criminal justice system itself will not singularly decrease the disparity between the numbers of African Americans incarcerated in comparison to their white counterparts. Change must begin in the communities. Outreach programs started as early as birth are necessary to effectively create change. One group who sees the need for this change and has answered the call is the Harlem’s Children’s Zone. This group services approximately 17,000 children throughout the Metropolitan area. They begin with providing parenting classes, which outlines the need for proper nutrition and health care as well as courses on other parenting issues with a focus on the at risk child. They provide charter schools with longer school days as well as tutoring programs for those unable to attend. Resources are also available for crisis intervention, access to mental and physical health care, offering assistance in obtaining services such as food stamps, as well as assistance in forming community actions groups to combat crime and drugs. The group also provides afterschool programs including teen groups, fitness, educational, and classes on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and access to community gardens. Although our society has made great strides in the area of equality, with more African Americans holding important positions, negative differential treatment persists. Poverty stricken communities where there is little opportunity and the prevalence of gang activity increases the likelihood that African American youths will grow up to participate in criminal activities leading to incarceration. The first step towards change is understanding the need for increased resources in poverty stricken areas to provide access for at risk youths to community centers, hot meal programs, and safe afterschool venues. The second step is making these projects a reality. Although the government had earmarked 10 million dollars for neighborhoods to develop similar programs to the Harlem’s Children’s Center project it is not enough, resources must be provided by individual states, communities and persons to combat poverty and provide resources for children. In addition equality in how individuals are treated within the system must continue to be addressed by groups like the Sentencing Project. By early intervention and continued education and support we can move towards equality and diminish the numbers of African American males spending their lives within the criminal justice system. The long-term benefits of these actions will be felt by individuals as well as the community at large with decreased crime and access to the rich resource of an educated youth. How to cite African American Males and Disparity in the Justice System, Papers

The Little Things free essay sample

The little things in life are the most significant, yet we are oblivious to their meaning as if we never knew they were there, or didn’t even care. It’s the collection of these moments that captivate the spectators of our lives, our family, friends, and the every now-and-then passerby looking for a time killer to move the day along in a quicker manner. While they may seem irrelevant and not worth the effort to think twice about, the importance of their meaning is based on their receiver and how they put it into their own perspective. Instead of looking at the whole picture, focus on the minute details. It may seem like an easy task, one that achievable by anyone. Only once everything is taken in will the realization of what life’s beautiful flaws be perceived. For some, a step back from the big picture will bring them to this realization, and others, an entire lifetime of meticulous searching. We will write a custom essay sample on The Little Things or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To our foolishness, it lies precisely in-between. Being wrapped up in what is and what’s not hinders the best in people. The manner in which we receive information is taken in and processed by the mood we feel, the day we’ve had, or any other controversial dilemma we may have come across. Believe it or not, the reason we tend to overlook what is really important in life is because we accept death as inevitability. While death may not come to us in the near future, our perspectives on how to treat life’s’ gifts are dulled by the ignorance that we have towards it. Senses are heightened to those of a terminal ailment, ones who try to appreciate everything they come in contact with. They are the ones that take the time to slow their busy lifestyles down enough to keep up with what life has to offer, the little things. For the rest of us, morning traffic commuting and hectic days at work only bring us further and further away from what we are all missing out o n. Life really has so much to offer. However, it’s only available to those who attempt to make it all worthwhile, whether it is rain or sunshine. Bringing to light that we all take insignificant events and monumentous occasions differently is a step towards realizing that we are human. No two people will have the same perspective on an argument and many people may agree on relative subject, but it’s only letters on a page or words in thought if we don’t make something of it. We might argue that a companion gave up their chance of a lifetime, full of pleasure and contentment. Universally, there will always be disagreement, somewhere along the lines of happiness or pain being an emotion in the eye of the beholder. It’s human nature to have sensational feelings about a lifelong passion, while the rest of the world may think of it as nothing more than a waste of valuable resources, time, or energy. If we were to take into consideration why it is a human flaw for one person to like what another hates, then we would all be one step closer to understanding little things. They are so much more significant to a random passerby watching the life of a total stranger than their own. Why? Those opportunities being thrown away may be the stepping stone into the awakening of their own potential. When we take a step forward to observe our lives in every detail, from the seconds we waste pumping gas to the homeless we help during community service, we often find it too overwhelming to process. If we live on a day to day basis, watching every single step we make and action we do, paranoia will set in, eventually. This is true in part, because, if something we have planned doesn’t happen, we consider all the other possibilities and scenarios that will become of it. Like a bad choice, we ponder over every second and how one tiny action could have reserved our right to say we didn’t do anything wrong. When we take a step back to look at ou r own lives, however, harsh judgment sets in. Our thoughts on how we live our lives take a rollercoaster ride, going up and down through each stage of every emotion possible. We realize how much we don’t appreciate what we’ve got, how we use it, or why we waste it. An epiphany is frequent outcome, putting us in an irreversible journey towards our own self realization. Only a balance of gratitude towards the choices we make, how thoroughly we consider their outcomes to be, and their overall success will bring the true magnificence of life’s beauty forward. To focus on the big picture and every insignificant detail is the solution to living a productive life to its fullest extents and farther. Being unaware of the little things isn’t a choice, but every so often, we let what we cannot control get in the way of what we need to accomplish. What we do may be an interesting show for the bystander, but there’s always purpose for our actions. We may be con tent with what we do, or we may be restless with the outcome. Either way, the only real benefit of realizing all the little things in life is through trial and error, that everyone else’s life is touched in the process. Some may say that we need to keep our views at large, but in the end, the little things are what’s keeps us all going, day in and day out. For some, the road to realization may be long, to others, a foot step away. You get what you got, and you’ve got to roll with it. Simple as that.

Cheating Behavior and Students Morality

Cheating Behavior and Students Morality Cheating is a widespread, increasing in its prevalence, and perhaps the most unpleasant aspects of teaching and learning. The result of the study in higher education suggests that cheating only occurs if there is an opportunity to cheat and it is possible for teachers to eliminate cheating without creating a scandal. Hashtag: #YgsKopyaSkandal? (YGS Cheating Scandal) Cheating Behavior and Students’ Morality Kohlberg’s model of moral reasoning suggests that motivation for learning change from childhood to adulthood thus those with higher levels of moral reason cheat less. However, study shows that students level of moral reasoning were not associated with cheating. In fact, students with low-level moral reasoning tend to obey school authority thus normally do not cheat while older students with higher levels of moral reasoning often rationalize cheating as situational demands. LEARNING MORAL VALUES IN COLLEGE MOVIES Results of studies on cheating behavior suggest that external factors have a greater influence on older students cheating behavior than internal factors or perception of right and wrong. Moreover, although many college students do perceive cheating as wrong, most of them believed that such act is a normal  part of life and plainly accept cheating a part of their college experience. However, close monitoring tends to thwart cheating in older students with more mature reasoning. Similarly, smaller class size appears to discourage cheating while students with clear knowledge of what constitute cheating usually are not involved in such immoral act. For instance, study shows that students who willingly provided test answers to peers are mostly unaware that it was cheating. Environmental factors such as teacher intervention can greatly reduce the occurrence of cheating and avoid dramatic cheating scandal similar to #YgsKopyaSkandal? For instance, large universities tend to respond to student cheating by instigating scandalous actions rather than protecting the interest of parents and students and preserving academic integrity through prevention and classroom reforms. For instance, directly teaching students of what constitutes cheating and greater emphasis on mastery of tasks rather than grades are beneficial classroom reforms. Preserving Academic Integrity without a  Scandal Cheating is a widespread, increasing in its prevalence, and perhaps the most unpleasant aspects of teaching and learning. The result of the study in higher education suggests that cheating only occurs if there is an opportunity to cheat and it is possible for teachers to eliminate cheating without creating a scandal. The literature has demonstrated that majority of students perceived cheating as an acceptable behavior and youths of all ages are likely to engage in some form of cheating. Cheating is an academic crime but there can be serious legal consequences if a teacher falsely accuses a student of cheating. The most effective approach a teacher can adopt therefore is to prevent cheating by establishing cheating policies and strictly enforcing them. Primarily, a teacher on the first day of class has the opportunity to state his or her position about cheating clearly and why school considers such act as a crime. It is also helpful to explain its consequence using relevant situations such as the fact that since many of them will be competing with other people for jobs in the near future, a person who cheats and gets  illicit high grades from it is literally cheating everyone out of a job. Teaching styles that promote cheating such as grading on a curve and covering too much material on a single examination should be avoided. The reason is that students often cheat when the stakes are high and consequences are low. Moreover, research shows that likelihood of cheating is strongly linked to the quality of teacher-student relationship and students’ level of respect for the teacher.

Critical Thinking on Female Perpetrators

Critical Thinking on Female Perpetrators Critical Thinking on Female Perpetrators Critical Thinking on Female Perpetrators: While conducting the following literature review of female perpetrators committing violence towards their spouse and children, many ideas and practices discussed are the same, yet some were reviewing violence from both male and females point of view. Nonetheless, it appears that, in all the reviewed articles, the researchers tend to agree that cases of female perpetrators committing violence towards their spouses and children are indeed there. It is undoubtedly that most researches address male-to-female violence, although the articles reviewed here are among those addressing male victimization by female spouses. Physical abuse and violence between spouses and children is the focus of this literature review and it has continued to spark more debate within areas of social policy, practice, and research. In the discussion that will follow, the focus will be on comparing and contrasting the articles, analyzing them critically, and looking at the key concepts. According to Wilkes Cho (2009), violence taking place within a relationship, which is intimate in nature is a big social problem. In their observation, the victims, be it children or spouses suffer intense psychological, mental, and physical impacts of violence. It is only after police intervened that most perpetrators have been arrested. In contrast, Feldman and Ridley (2003) hold that, in the last ten years, there has been witnessed increased awareness in the public regarding domestic violence and the consequences it has on the well-being of the family and individuals involved. Although most attention has been geared towards male violence on their spouses and children, studies show that female violence towards their spouses is evident in intimate relationships. In view of Feldman and Ridley (2003), there tends to be equal percentages of females (12%) and males (11%) recorded of being violent towards their partners. In a study of 272 couples intending to get married, majority of fe males than males recorded cases of being violent towards their spouses at (44% vs. 31%) in pre-marriage, and (36% vs. 27%) in post-marriage of 18 months, and (32% vs. 25%) in a post-marriage of 30 months. While comparing Sarantakos (2004), and Taylor et al. (2009), it is obvious that maltreatment of both spouses and children is real owing to female perpetrators. According to Taylor et al. (2009), close to one million cases of physical abuse and other children maltreatment cases were reported in America in 2005. Unfortunately, high victimization rate is evident in kids who are below three years of age. In their observation, children who are victimized by their mothers suffer behavioral, mental, physical, and social problems and this might lead to problems of health such as smoking, alcoholism, STDs, heart disease, and obesity. In the 83% of the maltreatment meted on children, the mother alone contributes 40%, while the father is rated at 17%, and the rest 6% is from other people. Nonetheless, the mothers are associated with the highest percentage because they spend most time with children that anybody else (Taylor et al. 2009). In contrast, Sarantakos (2004) observes that there is dive rsity regarding how the society is responding towards ‘wives’ violence against their husbands (p.1). However, irrespective of irrefutable evidence that female are assaulting their male counterparts, most people tend to hold that the violence comes in equal proportions, an idea echoed by Feldman and Ridley (2003). In his study Sarantakos (2004) found out that, female-to-male violence was evident even with the males being peaceful in their homes. In a separate study by Kern smith and Kern smith (2009), the last two decades have seen policymakers in the United States maximizing their attention towards domestic violence. Unlike Sarantakos (2004), and Taylor et al. (2009) who focus on increased violence by females towards their males, Kern smith and Kern smith (2009) strive to examine recommendations of changing policies and intervention services to guide perpetrators. At a glance, these articles are characterized by themes, disagreements, and commonality. In view of Kern smith and Kern smith (2009) article, the authors have focused on providing recommendations to policy makers on what should be done to perpetrators of violence be it males or females. The two assert that, considering men are known for being violent towards their female counterparts, they have suffered more arrests. These findings, therefore, indicate that, the motivations and context of males being arrested for being violent are different from females arrested for committing similar crime. In the articles by Sarantakos (2004), Taylor et al. (2009), Wilkes Cho (2009), and Feldman and Ridley (2003) the thematic concerns of violence and its consequences on spouses is common. The authors tend to agree that violence in relationships lead to physical, psychological, health, and mental consequences to both children and spouse under violence. Additionally, in order to substantiate their c laims, Wilkes Cho (2009), and Feldman and Ridley (2003) have employed statistics to show the extent of violence reported among spouses. Most spouses in violent relationships suffer ridiculing, name-calling, instances of blaming, criticizing, threatening, and accusing. Spouses do these actions mutually, and in some cases by spouse unilaterally, while in some cases some spouses did not participate (Feldman Ridley, 2003). In some articles such as Wilkes Cho (2009), Taylor et al. (2009), and Feldman and Ridley (2003) there is a common practice regarding the manner in which the researches were conducted. In each case, the authors employed study samples, findings, results, discussion, and conclusion. In their article, Wilkes Cho (2009) identified their study variables as re-victimization, arrest, and gender. According to their results, male victimization and female victimization differed. Males were meted serious assaults at 28%, while their female counterparts stood at 17%. Additionally, females were fond of using weapons on their spouses although both parties suffered serious injuries. On the other hand, Taylor et al. (2009) based their variables on child-related and child maltreatment. Their results indicated that, mothers recorded over twenty cases of psychological violence, and seventeen cases of physical violence. Most mothers use physical and psychological violence against their loved ones, and cases of neglect of their children. In their conclusion, Taylor et al. (2009) asserted that most females, who mistreated their children, were equally being harassed in their relationships. In their research, Feldman and Ridley (2003) identified their variables such as verbal aggression, withdraw, and cooperation. The two employed questionnaire in their work, which was addressed to the 153 females, who were volunteers. In their results, the researchers asserted that, although studies exist regarding domestic violence severity are limited; a distinction exists between severe and mild types of domestic violence. In their conclusion, the researchers observed that, while 75% of females are reported as physically abused, they are aware that they are likely to be wounded owing to domestic violence. Although these articles tend to agree on violence orchestrated by female perpetrators, there are some disagreements on opinions explored by the authors. For instance, Wilkes Cho (2009) observe that men are most victimized in violent relationships while compared with their female counterparts who experience fewer injuries. For that reason, it is apparent that violence among spouses predominantly male. Additionally, the two authors found out that, females are fond of using weapons than their male spouses. Nonetheless, Feldman and Ridley (2003) tend to disagree with the former two regarding violence. Unlike Wilkes Cho (2009), Feldman and Ridley (2003) hold that women are most victimized, and they are likely to experience injuries because of violence from their spouses. Furthermore, unlike females, males are known for being extremely violent towards their partners. According to Feldman and Ridley (2003), conflicts in relationships are brought mostly by poor communication. Further disag reement is evident, if the observation made by Sarantakos (2004) is anything to put into consideration. According to Sarantakos (2004), husbands play a key role in sparking violence in their marriages. In his findings, the researcher retorts that husbands are fond of sparking aggressions, which in return force their female partners to be violent towards them. Prior to assaulting their partners, females tolerated with the unpleasant behaviors of their males and they only responded on realizing the impending danger (Sarantakos, 2004). From a critical point of view, some of these articles exhibited limitations from the context of the research. In the article by Wilkes Cho (2009), there are evident limitations. Firstly, the number of males who were put under re-victimization was extremely small (33 of the possible 298 victims). Additionally, considering that out of the 33 men under re-victimization, less than ten were put behind bars, it is clear that detecting the impacts of arrest would be difficult, in the event there was any. Furthermore, there is a likelihood of underreporting female-oriented violence. In yet another limitation, the research failed to include vital contextual details regarding episodes of violence, and those who initiated it and the reasons for such actions. Moreover, the response by security authority was disregarded, and the actions, which were taken on the perpetrators (Wilkes Cho, 2009). Limitations are also evident in the article by Feldman and Ridley (2003). For instance, although the r esearch revolves around communication responses as one of the factors contributing towards violence among spouses, the researchers did not explore the connection between psychological types of abuse, and responses of communication. It would have been better if the research by the two authors were based on a wide range of communication trends, which may lead to domestic violence. In view of Kern smith and Kern smith (2009) article, implications are evident. For instance, irrespective of the study suggesting that women needs on intervention services are different from those of men, the research failed to offer an alternative. Although numerous programs have been developed, the study fails to mention that their accountability is minimal. In Taylor et al. (2009), the article only considered limited details regarding psychological, sexual, and physical behaviors of aggression. In the article, the authors excluded confounders such as history of aggression in the female’s origin, th us leading to biasness on estimates of regression. While reviewing the five articles, key concepts are evident in each of them. In their context, each of the articles has employed unique but important practices while conducting the study. In each of the study, the researchers based their work on a wide range on previous researches. In the journal by Kern smith and Kern smith (2009), the two backdated their research in the last two decades in connection with policymakers in America. Additionally, in order to give the reader a better understanding of the intervention services on batterers, the authors have reviewed the changes, which have been enacted from two decades ago. In Taylor et al. (2009) article, the researchers based their predictions of maternal maltreatment and neglect from a study that run from 2001 to 2004. For that reason, the researchers came up with a study, which was reliable, if the materials used in the research are anything to go by. Sarantakos (2004) made his study more reliable because he based his work on real l ife experiences issues affecting spouses. Additionally, the research targeted the entire family from children to parents to grandparents. In other words, Sarantakos (2004) bases his findings and results on a specific real-life case, as opposed to generalization. In view of the above literature review, the authors of the articles conducted studies revolving around the thematic concerns of domestic violence orchestrated by female perpetrators, and its effect on children and spouse. Basing their studies on statistics and findings previously exhibited in previous researches, the authors have assisted the readers to understand the objective of their research. Nonetheless, the studies are characterized by numerous limitations such as biasness, lack of recommendations, and limited comparisons to warrant the impacts among others. However, the authors have incorporated key concepts in their work thus making it reliable, and of high quality. If you are looking for professional critical thinking writing services to get your academic paper written from scratch, visit us!

The Impact of Steady Increase in the Interest Rate in the UK Coursework

The Impact of Steady Increase in the Interest Rate in the UK - Coursework Example These effects caused by a low inflation, low interest, but highly tax economy are the outcomes that are current and continuing to thwart economic competitiveness and equilibrium across the UK manufacturing base. This assignment, therefore, seeks to consider some of the reasons for the causes and effect of an increase in interest rates that are now providing causal effects across the economy. In particular the economy of the USA, that has been a focus of concern across financial sector industries in the UK. Commenting on the effect that world interest rates have on domestic interest rates, Mr King said that: â€Å"We look at the balance between demand and supply, we ask ourselves what goes into that balance and there is no doubt that what is happening in the rest of the world is a key input into that assessment. However, the way in which overseas interest rate changes affect our judgment is solely as an input into that judgment.† â€Å"†¦all central banks are very clearly focused on meeting their own price stability objectives. Of course, they take the rest of the world into account, but they do not say ‘Oh gosh, Jean-Claude has put up interest rates, perhaps we ought to keep up with him’; it is not like that† (House of Lords 2006 p.10). Therefore, the economics of equilibrium is a force that has to be recounted in that the elasticity of the economy is a crucial aspect of financial housekeeping in all World economies and despite the fact, an economy must predominately consider its own fiscal policies, rather than being affected by other economic decisions.

Management of underperforming surgical trainee Essay

Management of underperforming surgical trainee - Essay Example Work place based assessment 15 Annexes: Forms template Foreword The purpose of this handbook is to provide a guide for the clinical supervisor in the performance of his/her duties in the hospital. This is designed to give the supervisor with resources and models for the supervision work and to orient the supervisor on the clinic supervision program. This is also a manifestation of our expressed commitment to provide students with excellent academic preparation. The materials contained in this manual are not intended to substitute existing ones, but rather to supplement the information. Relevant forms are attached for supervisor’s use. The Clinical Supervision The clinical supervision is a professional preparation. The experience gathered in this exercise provides the student with an opportunity to carry out professional responsibilities. The clinical supervision allows the student to integrate the academic theories learned from school to actual practice under the guidance of a clinic supervisor Clinical Supervision is defined as â€Å"formal process of professional support and learning that enables individual practitioners to develop knowledge and competence, assume responsibility for their own practice, and enhance patient protection and safety of care in a wide range of situations (â€Å"clinical supervision†). ... Shared clinical responsibility ensuring that the client’s treatment goals are addressed. A rigorous process that ensures ethical and legal responsibility. An individualized approach based on the learning needs and style of the supervisee. Congruence with the values and philosophy of the agency. Adopted from: Part 2, Chapter 2, NCBI Resources The Clinical Supervision Defining the characteristics of an Effective Clinical supervisor a. The Clinical Supervisor’s objectives The clinical supervisor’s foremost objective is to establish a positive supervisor-supervisee relationship that promotes client’s welfare a nd professional development of supervisee. The Clinical Supervisor has a well rounded personality as he acts as a teacher, coach, consultant, mentor, evaluator and administrator (TIP 52). The Clinical Supervisor has the following objectives in doing his jobs: 1. To help the less experienced worker improve his/her skills. 2. To ensure that patients receive the best medical care . 3. To have e clear contract of expectations, ongoing review and feedback; and a commitment to professional developments. These objectives will be discussed more thoroughly in succeeding sections of the manual. The Clinical Supervisor b. The Clinical Supervisor’s Duties and Responsibilities Responsibilities The clinical supervisor is committed to work with other departments in order to provide an outstanding customer experience. The role calls for coordinating management and clinical activities. Responsibilities include the following: Staffing Budgeting Personnel management Staff development Occasional clinical coverage and weekend house supervision Source:

The Plague Essay -- essays research papers

The Plague   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The rats did it! Rats, almost single handedly, killed off about a third of the European population throughout the 14th and 15th centuries. Its effects on western civilization still lasts today, but for the people who lived during the plagues wish indeed that they did not. Society was depressed, the economy was struggling, food was scarce, and all of Europe was in battle. Who would want to live in these dramatic conditions? No one, and not for centuries to come.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Plague, also known as the Black Death, or the Bubonic Plague, which struck in 1346, and again in 1361-62, ravaged all of Europe to the extent of bringing gruesome death to millions people of the Middle Ages. It was a combination of bubonic, septicemia, and pneumonic plague strains that started in the east and worked it’s way west, but never left its native home. One of the things that made the plague one of the worst was that there were outbreaks almost every ten years but still restricted to Europe. It is thought that one third to one half of the population in Europe could have possibly died due to the plague with some towns of a death rate of up to 30 or 40 percent. Very few that were infected with the plague actually survived more than one month after receiving the disease. The Black Death was an incredible event that effected everyone on a physical level, emotional level, or both. The Black Death was more terrible, and killed more people than any war in history. The plague was so horrible and terrifying that people said it made all other disasters in the Middle Ages seem like a walk in the park when compared it to the Black Death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The infested rat, called the black ship rat, was carried in the baggage of merchants on board ships traveling all over the Mediterranean. They didn't know it, but It was the people that actually spread the disease across the land. The plague spread in a great arc across Europe, starting in the east in the Mediterranean Sea, and ending up in Germany. It is incredible that the plague hit Europe several times, but still no one understood neither the causes nor the treatments of the epidemic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the Black Death was one of the largest epidemics ever recorded, it did not have many visible symptoms. The actual symptoms varied i... ...e seen along with the cathedrals started in the 12th and 13th centuries and never finished because of the plague.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The effects on the future were not as bad as the effects the 14th century people experienced. After the plague had set in on Europe and took its toll the people began to stop writing and in turn stop reading. The citizens became illiterate and showed no real interest in the arts. The European population steadily declined after 1350 for the next century. In 1351, it was calculated that the total number of dead in Europe was approximately twenty-four million people. That is a great decrease considering that there was an estimated seventy-five million people living in Europe before the Black Death struck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Plague certainly had one of the greatest effects on the world in all areas, and was also one of the greatest displays of human suffering ever. The Plague caused the people of western civilization to lose family, food, society, and basic fundamentals of living. It seems that bad or depressing situations give us a grasp on what is really important in our daily lives, and that is what we all need.

Introduction to Business Assignment Essay

AIM: I have been requested by Peter Eskesen to look at two contrasting business organisations and one of who must operate in the secondary/manufacturing industry and the other corporation must be a service provider from the tertiary sector. I must then look at the activities that each of them fulfil and look at the effectiveness of them within each organisation. I have decided to look at the activities of G. E lighting which is an American company and a direct division of the biggest company in the world G. E and the second company of which I have decided to look at is Sainsbury’s who is amongst some of the most dominant market leading companies operating in the U. K in the supermarket sector. Both of the companies that I have decided to look at are both owned by shareholders which means that people have bought shares into them. However having said that, as G. E lighting is an American company it means that it will not be listed on the London Stock Exchange but will alternatively be listed upon the New York stock exchange market. If a person wanted to buy shares in GE lighting then they would have to contact a broker. Furthermore, Sainsbury’s is also a Public Limited Company because it is like before, listed upon the London Stock Exchange. Today General Electric is made up of many departments/divisions. For example G. E Lighting in Enfield is part of a Global Business, which operates in over 100 worldwide countries and also holds work for over 300,000 people worldwide too. Television programming, Plastics and G. E Aircraft Engines for example, is the biggest engine maker and supplier in the world with operations in over 40 different countries. 1 On the next page you will find GE’s product portfolio. Sainsbury’s supermarkets employ over 145,000 people (including Savacentre). Of these 145,000 people, 60% are part – time based workers and 40% are full – time workers. 62% of the labour forces are women which show that since the 19th Century equal opportunities have shifted and women have the same rights as men – to be able to work. Furthermore, Sainsbury’s Supermarkets serves well over 11 million customers a week and as from May 2003, had 535 stores open throughout the UK. Nearly 60% of their stores are located upon town centres and others built on the edge of centre locations – in the greenbelt areas where land is cheaper and have better connections. Like GE, Sainsburys also have sub divisions or Subsidiary companies that they own. For example the other activities that they operate or run besides Groceries, include a chain of Sainsbury’s Banks, Shaw’s, JS Development and Sainsbury’s Property Development. Shaw’s Supermarkets Inc. has been a completely owned Subsidiary of J Sainsbury’s plc since 1987 and partly owned since 1983. Shaw’s serves over four million customers a week, and as at May 2003 had 193 stores open in New England, USA. In June 1999, J Sainsbury’s plc acquired the entire share capital of Star Markets for a total consideration of $497 million dollars which is the equivalent to i 313 million British pounds. Star Markets operates in the Metropolitan Boston area, Washington DC. The acquisition took Shaw’s Supermarkets to the number 2 position in New England and as the dominant market leader in Houston, Massachusetts. Like Sainsbury’s Supermarkets, the US operations place an emphasis on high quality food at value for money prices, and are persistently recuperating and improving their range of fresh foods. The corporation offers approximately 50,000 different lines, up to 35,000 per store at any one time. Some 5,000 popular brand products account for 40 per cent sales and as at June 2003, Shaw’s employs some 28,400 associates.

The Consequences of Breaking Standards - 844 Words

Human behavior is often based of the laws and expectations set by community surrounding them. Breaking these norms results in many arrays of emotions. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, and The Help by Kathryn Stockett all exemplify the consequences of breaking standards in societies with set norms to uphold. The various authors have crafted societies that behave in distinct manners, and classify people as either normal, or abnormal. These works show that breaking societal standards, familial standards, and ones own standards sprouts disaster, and in serious cases, leads to the demise of characters. Breaking societal standards in societies led by prejudice is like a double-edged sword. You may be standing up for your beliefs, but there will be negative consequences. In to kill a Mockingbird, Calpurnia wields the sword. Calpurnia ignored the standards set by both the white and black community that one community cannot interact in a friendly m anner with the opposing community. The moment she brought Scout and Jem to her church, she almost instantly received negativity. One sees this when Lula says, â€Å"You ain’t got no business bringin‘ white chillun here—they got their church, we got our’n. It is our church, ain’t it, Miss Cal?† (Lee 119). Simply breaking the standard that one cannot interact with a person of the opposite color resulted in negativity from another. Many people were welcoming, however Lula was not, similarly a whiteShow MoreRelatedBreaking Standards in Society in Harper Lees To Kill a Mockingbird, Kathryn Stocketts The Help and William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet946 Words   |  4 Pagessurrounding them. Breaking these norms results in many arrays of emotions. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, and The Help by Kathryn Stockett all exemplify the consequences of breaking standards in societies with set norms to uphold. The various authors have crafted societies that behave in distinct manners, and classify people as either normal, or abnormal. These works show that breaking societal standards, familial standards, and ones own standards sprouts disasterRead MoreBeing Morally Justified in Disobeying Laws We Consider to be Immoral644 Words   |  3 Pagesour own code of morality. In this situation we are likely to find ourselves in a constant struggle between conscience and consequence. Personal morality could be considered to be a set of internal laws and just like laws existing within a society there is mechanism to prevent us from committing crime. 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Proponents of the UCMJ law against adulterous relationshipsRead MoreCrime Is An Act Against The Law1334 Words   |  6 PagesCrime is an act against the law where the consequence of conviction by a court is punishment is a serious one such as imprisonment. The Oxford English Dictionary states that crime is: - â€Å"An act punishable by law, as being forbidden by statute or injurious to the public welfare†¦An evil or injurious act; an offence, a sin†. The government usually set laws that the people must follow, punishment is given for those who lighten those laws. The legal or criminal justice system applies the law and punishesRead MoreCyber Ethics Should Be Addressed Sooner915 Words   |  4 Pagesrecently, cyber ethics has not gotten the attention it deserves, with the acts on-line no different than acts in society, the awareness and education of cyber-ethics should be addressed sooner rather than later. Ethics refers to the well-founded standards of right and wrong that prescribe what human should do, usually in terms of rights, obligations, and benefits of society, fairness, or specific virtues (Manuel Velasquez, 2015). This statement is not far from the topic at hand, cyber-ethics, andRead MoreThe Ethical Requirements Protecting Confidential Information1210 Words   |  5 Pageshave gone against her professions ethical code and could have faced punishment and possible loss of licensing. The justice system could not force the social worker to testify because there was no imminent danger involved. When law and ethical standard separate, confidentiality situations become very complex. On one hand, a person could not fault a social worker therapist for exposing confidential communication if ordered by the court. On the other hand, a person could reasonably question theRead MoreEthics : Ethics And Ethics1200 Words   |  5 Pagescorporate environment it can be intimidating to some and full of political agenda to others it’s a dog eat dog world in cooperate America. Businesses are built on standards, policy and procedures to guide the employee to be fair and conduct business with ethical standards. In today’s business and corporate environment there are ethical company standards which all associates must follow but businesses and their representatives are not moral agents. These are two (2) of the ethics business representative followsRead MoreShould Laws Always Be Obeyed?981 Words   |  4 Pagesour moral standards, thus making the law just. Are the laws always just? I personally think the law is concerned with political authority rather than moral judgement about right and wrong in a given situation. While the law is rigid, moral judgements can be flexible. 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